Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), commonly used for cooking, is primarily a mixture of:
- a) Ethane and Methane
- b) Butane and Ethane
- c) Butane and Propane
- d) Ethane and Propane
The small gaps intentionally left between successive rails on a railway track are there to:
- a) Reduce the cost of construction
- b) Provide a smoother ride
- c) Accommodate thermal expansion
- d) Allow for track contraction in winter
The genetic core of the Poliovirus is made up of:
- a) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
- b) Proteins
- c) RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
- d) Enzymes
The first functional mechanical calculator, known as the Pascaline, was invented by:
- a) Isaac Newton
- b) Ernest Rutherford
- c) Blaise Pascal
- d) Gottfried Leibniz
What is the typical stroke volume, or amount of blood ejected per beat, from a human ventricle at rest?
- a) 40-60 ml
- b) 60-80 ml
- c) 70-90 ml
- d) 90-110 ml
Which common food item is a natural source of Vitamin D?
- a) Onion
- b) Meat
- c) Butter
- d) Bread
Which of the following acts as a major natural buffer against environmental change by absorbing carbon dioxide?
- a) Industrial factories
- b) Rivers and oceans
- c) Forests and trees
- d) Urban structures
What is the meaning of the initials “S.I.” in the International System of Units?
- a) Standard Index
- b) Scientific Investigation
- c) Système International
- d) Systematic Integration
A distance of one nanometer is equivalent to:
- a) 10⁻⁶ meters
- b) 10⁻⁹ meters
- c) 10⁻¹² meters
- d) 10⁻³ meters
The mineral Selenium performs its antioxidant role in the body by working closely with:
- a) Vitamin A
- b) Vitamin E
- c) Vitamin C
- d) Vitamin K
A star enters the red giant phase of its life cycle when it begins the nuclear fusion of:
- a) Hydrogen into Helium
- b) Carbon into Oxygen
- c) Helium into Carbon
- d) Oxygen into Iron
The successful inventors of the first manned hot-air balloon were:
- a) The Wright Brothers
- b) The Montgolfier Brothers
- c) Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla
- d) Galileo and Copernicus
Which of these sets correctly lists only greenhouse gases?
- a) Oxygen, Nitrogen, Argon
- b) Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide
- c) Helium, Neon, Krypton
- d) Hydrogen, Oxygen, Ozone
The total number of vertebrae that form the spinal column in a human adult is:
- a) 30
- b) 33
- c) 36
- d) 24
What is the name of the protein that cells produce to defend against viral replication?
- a) Antibody
- b) Interferon
- c) Fibrinogen
- d) Hemoglobin
Biomass, used as a renewable energy source, is produced from the decomposition of:
- a) Plastic waste
- b) Plant and animal matter
- c) Rocks and minerals
- d) Fossil fuels
From the options below, identify the derived unit:
- a) Kilogram (kg)
- b) Meter (m)
- c) Velocity (m/s)
- d) Second (s)
The Sun is best described as a massive sphere of:
- a) Burning Rock
- b) Hot Plasma and Gases
- c) Liquid Lava
- d) Solid Hydrogen
Which of the following is a pure substance and not a mixture?
- a) Seawater
- b) Air
- c) Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)
- d) Gasoline
The technology behind a Medical MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanner relies on:
- a) High-frequency sound waves
- b) Potent X-rays
- c) A powerful magnetic field and radio waves
- d) Gamma radiation
The energy in a commercial nuclear power station is produced by which nuclear reaction?
- a) Nuclear Fission
- b) Nuclear Fusion
- c) Radioactive Decay
- d) Atomic Condensation
A total solar eclipse is observed on Earth when:
- a) The Earth moves into the Moon’s shadow
- b) The Sun is on the opposite side of the Earth
- c) The Moon moves directly between the Sun and the Earth
- d) The Earth moves directly between the Sun and the Moon
Which of these atmospheric gases does NOT contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect?
- a) Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
- b) Methane (CH₄)
- c) Water Vapor (H₂O)
- d) Nitrogen (N₂)
The method of heat transfer that does not require a medium and travels as waves is known as:
- a) Conduction
- b) Convection
- c) Radiation
- d) Induction
This lightweight metal, extracted primarily from bauxite ore, is used in everything from soda cans to aircraft.
- a) Copper
- b) Tin
- c) Aluminum
- d) Titanium
In an electrochemical cell like a battery, the salt bridge is essential because it:
- a) Provides the source of electrons
- b) Completes the circuit by allowing ion flow
- c) Measures the electric current
- d) Acts as the primary electrode
Ammonia (NH₃) is a common active ingredient in glass cleaners because:
- a) It is a strong acid that dissolves minerals
- b) It leaves a protective wax coating
- c) It is a base that cuts through grease and grime
- d) It acts as a powerful bleaching agent
The green pigment in plants that is crucial for capturing light energy during photosynthesis is:
- a) Carotene
- b) Chlorophyll
- c) Anthocyanin
- d) Xanthophyll
The process where a substance changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state is called:
- a) Evaporation
- b) Sublimation
- c) Condensation
- d) Diffusion
What is the most universally abundant chemical element?
- a) Helium
- b) Oxygen
- c) Carbon
- d) Hydrogen
The energy unit “BTU” (British Thermal Unit) is approximately equal to how many Joules?
- a) 1000 J
- b) 1055 J
- c) 1200 J
- d) None of these (The exact value is about 1055 J)
The inventor who developed and patented a greatly improved and efficient steam engine was:
- a) Michael Faraday
- b) James Watt
- c) Thomas Newcomen
- d) Robert Fulton
A disease that spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people within a community, population, or region at the same time is an:
- a) Pandemic
- b) Epidemic
- c) Endemic
- d) Outbreak
The red blood cell protein hemoglobin contains which metal ion at its core to bind oxygen?
- a) Copper (Cu)
- b) Iron (Fe)
- c) Magnesium (Mg)
- d) Zinc (Zn)
Frequency, defined as the number of cycles per second, is measured in a unit called:
- a) Newtons
- b) Watts
- c) Hertz
- d) Joules
Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by a specific type of:
- a) Virus
- b) Fungus
- c) Bacterium (Vibrio cholerae)
- d) Protozoan
The Milky Way, our home galaxy, is classified by its shape as a:
- a) Elliptical Galaxy
- b) Irregular Galaxy
- c) Spiral Galaxy
- d) Lenticular Galaxy
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